the miscibility of oil and water

the miscibility of oil and water Introduction: Colloids, of which lipids are usually found in foods in the form, produce stable homogenous state in a condition of a physical mix of different phases of matter. Colloids are important because of the existence in foods, the basis of digestion in human body and the application to the food processing. However, the one of the major concerns about colloids in food and nutrition is how to develop stable mixtures of immiscible lipids and aqueous substances. Considering the aforementioned concern, in the practical, the miscibility of oil and water was examined by making an emulsion which is a stable mix of water and oil and effect of an emulsifying agent, for example, egg yolk on emulsion was also examined. Moreover, a function of lipid involving heat transfer was examined. Objectives: The purpose of the practical is to Determine the miscibility of oil and water by making emulsions in different proportions of oil and water Examine the effect of a natural emulsifying agent as compared to the condition of part A Examine the weight, volume and texture change of prawn crackers through deep fat frying Method: All of the experiments were followed by the procedures listed on page 13 and 14 of Laboratory Manuals Guide 2014. Result: The observations are shown in the following: Determination of the miscibility of oil and water by making emulsions in different proportions of oil and water The tubes (numbered 1 to 7) which were filled with the mixture of different proportions of vegetable oil and tap water and the length of time they took in seconds for the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to clearly separate were shown in the following table. *( The vegetable oil was taken to measure the volume of a major phase) The effect of a natural emulsifying agent as compared to the condition of part A The tubes (numbered 1 to 7) which were filled with the mixture of different proportions of vegetable oil and tap water were added 10 drops of egg yolk solution and the length of time they took in seconds for the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to clearly separate were shown in the following table. #(The tube was added 10 drops of egg yolk solution) *( The vegetable oil was taken to measure the volume of a major phase) The weight, volume and texture change of prawn crackers through deep fat frying The weight, volume and texture of prawn cracker before and after deep fat frying at 180à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ for 21 seconds for complete expansion of cracker and the change of its physical properties after the complete expansion of cracker were shown in the following table. # ( The answer was correct to 2 decimal places.) *( It was assumed that the shape of a single prawn cracker surface was a circle.) Discussion: Determination of the miscibility of oil and water by making emulsions in different proportions of oil and water According to the result, the greater proportion of oil contained in tube, the longer time was taken for reversion to the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to clearly separate. It meant the longer time duration for the stable mix of oil and water in homogenous state in all proportion of the mixture in tube that had higher proportion of oil and lower proportion of water. The effect of a natural emulsifying agent as compared to the condition of part A According to the result, the time for reversion to the majority (80% volume) of the two phases to clearly separate in each tube was consistently longer than that in part A when there was an addition of 10 drops of egg yolk solution in tubes that had the same mixture in part A. It meant the prolonged emulsion which was stable mix of oil and water in homogenous state in all proportion of the mixture in each tube. The reason was that egg yolk solution acted as a natural emulsifying agent in the process. The active component of emulsifying agent from egg yolk, lecithin facilitated the dispersion of oil as tiny droplets into another.[1][2] Lecithin covered the surface of the oil droplets and prevented the droplets from coalescing and forming continuous phase.[1] Thus, lecithin acted as a surfactant to lower the interfacial tension at the moment to stabilize the emulsion which was stable mix of oil and water in homogenous state in all proportion of the mixture for longer time. [3] However, non-polar oil molecules and polar water molecules repelled each other later. Since then, the molecules would assembly with other homogenous molecules to decrease the repulsion between molecules. Eventually, there was a separation of two phases. The weight and volume change of prawn crackers through deep fat frying In the practical, the deep fat frying was useful because it fried the prawn crackers very fast and the prawn crackers were not made excessively greasy.[4] The reason of frying the prawn crackers in very short time is the usage of hot fat, for example, oil for cooking. The nature of oil is lipid that can permit the rapid and efficient transfer of heat and can achieve high temperature. Therefore, deep frying can cook the prawn crackers very fast. Moreover, the reason of not making the prawn crackers excessively oily is that the moisture in food repels the oil. The hot oil heats the water within the food and steams the food. The oil cannot go opposite direction of the strong flow because the water vapour pushes the bubbles toward the surface.[6]Finally, oil penetration will become narrow to the outer surface. On the other hand, there is a volume increase in the crackers. The reason is that, during deep fat frying, the prawn crackers are heated and the water in the crackers vaporized into vapour. The vapour formation leads to the expansion of the structure of starch, which is the main ingredient of the crackers. Furthermore, there is an increase in weight in the crackers because of the addition of air into the space of foamed prawn crackers during deep fat frying. Reference: Emulsions and Emulsifiers, Cookingscienceguy.com http://www.cookingscienceguy.com/pages/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Emulsions-and-Emulsifiers1.pdf Emulsion, Wikipedia 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion Surfactant, Wikipedia 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant Prawn cracker, Wikipedia 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawn_cracker Deep frying, Wikipedia 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_frying#cite_note-1

Explain Platos Theories of Form Essay

Plato was born in 429 B. C. As the son of a wealthy nobleman, he turned his back on a political scene, and devoted himself to writing ideas of his master, complimented with his own views in his dialogues. One particular theory he dedicated his time to was the the theory of ‘The forms’. Plato’s theory of forms is strongly based on what is real and what is not. What is real is thought to be perfect, but something cannot be real or perfect if it is always changing. He believed that behind every concept in the visible world, there is an unseen reality, which he calls its Forms. A form is an abstruse property or quality. The forms may be seen as ideal blueprints for the particular earthly example of beauty and trees, and so on, which Plato called particulars. If you take any property of an object and then separate it from that object and consider it by itself, you are deliberating a form. For example, if you separate the roundness of a tennis ball from its color, power and its weight, etc. and consider just roundness by itself, you are thinking of the from of roundness. Plato reasoned that this property of roundness existed not just in the appearance of a tennis ball, but in a different mode of existence. Plato believed that therefore all round objects, not just this tennis ball, participate or copy this same form of roundness. The same thing occurs with concepts like equality; we recognise two shapes are being equal because we have some awareness of the Form of Equality. Plato explains that the â€Å"World of forms† is very different to the â€Å"Visible world†. The â€Å"World of forms† can only be properly understood by philosophers and those who seek knowledge, not by the ignorant or those who do not wish to learn the truth. The theory of forms makes an analysis between those objects that are real and those that are only real in our minds. Plato emphasised that the Forms exist separately from their particulars. The Forms are eternally more real than their particulars, which only ‘appear’ to exist and therefore are very vague reflections of the Forms. The forms are radically different from the visible world in that they are not dependent upon or made of Physical matter. Plato believes that physical matter is inherently illusory and unreliable because it is subject to change. As the source of all knowledge possible, the Forms must be totally consistent meaning that it is eternal and unchanging, they transcend and go beyond the material. They are therefore immaterial (non-physical) which is why they cannot be detected by the senses but through the soul. Unlike the Forms, the particulars depend on physical matter and are changeable and imperfect. Plato believes that the different Forms are all connected to each other in a fixed order of importance. Most important of all is the Form of the Good, which is central to the existence of the whole universe. It is the principle of order, which structures the other forms, giving each other Forms, giving each other its own nature. Without this Form, there would be no ideal of beauty or justice etc†¦ According to Plato, knowledge of the Good is the highest knowledge a human is capable of. The ordinary person struggles to see past the illusion of this world because they ware ruled by their senses. Only the philosopher is capable of seeing beyond, because he can make a priori judgements The analogy of â€Å"The Cave† relates to the theory of ‘The Forms’ . Plato used the cave story to explain the importance of questioning everything like a philosopher does in order to distinguish between the unreal physical world and the real spiritual world lit by the sun. The prisoners in the cave are people who just accept everything at face value and never try to understand and ask questions. Their lives are therefore empty and meaningless. The tied prisoners are in an illusory world, what they think is reality, the shadows, is not really reality at all. Plato says that their situation is no different from ours. In Plato’s thinking people do not see the Forms clearly, only the illusory physical world. The puppets that people carry are also images of the Forms. These images are themselves only imitations or copies of the true reality of the Forms. The prisoner that breaks away and escapes making the tough journey (tough, because this relates to the distress it causes for a philosopher to change someones mind) out of the cave is the philosopher who wants to know what is really going on. In the outside world. As the sun gives life to all things and illuminates them, enabling us to see them for what they are, meaning the Form of the Good gives rise to all knowledge, enabling us to recognise the other Forms. The Theory of Forms represents Plato’s attempt to advance our expansion for abstract thought. Philosophy was a relatively new invention in Plato’s day, and it competed with mythology, tragedy, and epic poetry as the primary means by which people could make sense of their place in the world. Art and mythology was appealing to our emotions and desires whereas philosophy appeals to the intellect. The Theory of Forms differentiates the abstract world of thought from the world of the senses, where art and mythology operate. Plato said that abstract thought is superior to the world of the senses.

Finding the Best Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl

Finding the Best Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl New Questions About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl The end consequence of a comparison and contrast essay ought to be a deeper comprehension of a topic. If you are going to write a comparative essay, you want to get a notion of the impacts of unique aspects to the result you will get at the conclusion of the writing activity. Conclusion Like introduction, conclusion also needs to be generalized. If you are thinking about how to begin a compare and contrast essay or simply want to understand how to write one well, first you ought to comprehend its goal. The very first draft isn't always the perfect. In the event you should compose a comparison of college and higher school, you might choose the subsequent. A point-by-point list can help you maintain balance. The Ultimate Strategy for Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl Each paragraph is going to have a topic sentence centered on the aspect you're compari ng and contrasting. If your essay should have the very best story, which means that your layout should target only that. Following that, you can't locate a best topic. There are a lot of factors that have to be considered if you would like to opt for a workable and intriguing essay topic. Understanding how to begin a compare and contrast essay is the initial step to. Our experts will inform you absolutely the very same, but after teaching you the way to compose a compare and contrast essay. You're aiming to compose the ideal essay! Toefl or the ideal book contains. The same is relevant for top essay writers. So to give you a hand with this, here are the absolute most helpful strategies on how best to compose a contrast essay. 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When you have the title and aspects to compare but without a definite number of criteria to cover similarities and differences, you've got to brainstorm. When you begin brainstorming and researching the subject, the odds are high you'll discover a wide collection of differences and similarities.

Sexual Activity And The Aging Process - 2639 Words

Regardless of age, broaching the topic of sex with someone other than your partner can be highly uncomfortable. In healthcare, patients are just as uneasy bringing up the subject as the healthcare workers. People proceed with hesitance and caution, wondering whether or not it is okay to talk about sex. When it comes to the older adult population, addressing the topic of sex can seem rather taboo. Younger generations view the geriatric population as asexual, preferring to make the assumption that those who are of older age do not engage in any sort of sexual activity. However, as evidenced by Gott and Hinchliff (2003b), the attitudes and thoughts of older adults regarding the role and value of sex in their own lives, remain loosely explored. Healthcare workers need to understand the reality that sexuality perseveres throughout the lifespan and that it is an important factor that needs to be addressed when considering health and the aging process. This paper aims to produce evidence th at sexual activity is relevant to the older adult population and that healthcare workers should play a role in addressing the sexual health and functioning of these individuals. Several articles will be reviewed along with evidence from other sources to present an argument for this purpose. Sexuality is a fundamental driving force of human nature, yet it is often unrecognized, and even neglected in the world of healthcare, particularly in the realm of older adults. More often than not, it isShow MoreRelatedAgeing - Physical and Psychological Changes. Pathological Ageing1665 Words   |  7 Pages The process of aging has been around as long as life itself. All living organisms pass through three broad stages from conception to death, which are maturation, maturity and aging. Aging affects everyone because nearly everyone has the potential to grow old and all the societies in which we live have older members (Macdonald, 1997). 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